Real Assets
Visualizing Global Gold Production by Country in 2020
Global Gold Production by Country in 2020
People usually come across gold in the form of jewelry and admire it for its beauty, value, and permanence.
But before gold makes it into jewelry and vaults, it goes through a long and difficult production process that begins with mining.
The price of gold broke an all-time high of $2,000/oz in 2020, giving miners a brief boost to profitability. However, mine shutdowns due to the pandemic ultimately dented global gold production relative to 2019.
The above infographic breaks down gold production by country in 2020, highlighting the biggest nations for gold mining.
The Top 10 Gold Producing Countries
Although gold mining is a global business, just three countries—China, Australia, and Russia—accounted for 31% of global gold production in 2020.
Country | 2020 Production (tonnes) | % of Total |
---|---|---|
🇨🇳 China | 380 | 11.7% |
🇦🇺 Australia | 320 | 9.9% |
🇷🇺 Russia | 300 | 9.3% |
🇺🇸 U.S. | 190 | 5.9% |
🇨🇦 Canada | 170 | 5.2% |
🇬🇭 Ghana | 140 | 4.3% |
🇮🇩 Indonesia | 130 | 4.0% |
🇵🇪 Peru | 120 | 3.7% |
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan | 100 | 3.1% |
🇲🇽 Mexico | 100 | 3.1% |
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan | 90 | 2.8% |
🇿🇦 South Africa | 90 | 2.8% |
🇸🇩 Sudan | 90 | 2.8% |
🇧🇷 Brazil | 80 | 2.5% |
🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea | 70 | 2.2% |
🇲🇱 Mali | 61 | 1.9% |
🇦🇷 Argentina | 60 | 1.9% |
Other | 750 | 23.1% |
Total | 3,241 | 100.0% |
China topped the list partly due to the resumption of gold mining activities after pandemic-induced lockdowns. Furthermore, China accounted for 30% of global demand for gold jewelry in 2020, offering miners an additional incentive for production.
The U.S. produced 190 tonnes of gold in 2020, the majority of which came from mines in Nevada. Barrick Gold, the world’s largest gold mining company, produced roughly 85 tonnes or 45% of U.S. gold in 2020.
Indonesia ranks seventh in the list partly due to the Grasberg Mine, one of the world’s largest gold mines, which has produced over 1,500 tonnes or 53 million ounces of gold since 1990.
In total, miners produced 3,241 tonnes of gold in 2020, a 3% drop from the 3,300 tonnes mined in 2019. This also brings the total above-ground stocks of gold to around 201,296 tonnes, which are distributed between jewelry, investments, and central bank holdings.
How Much Gold is Left to Mine?
Gold derives part of its value from scarcity. So how much gold is left in the world?
According to the World Gold Council, the latest year-end estimate of underground gold reserves adds up to 50,000 tonnes. Of these, Australia and Russia collectively host around 35% or 17,500 tonnes.
At current production rates, these gold reserves will last less than 16 years. However, 2020 also saw $2.9 billion flow into gold exploration and development projects, which might one day add to the world’s gold reserves in the future.
Real Assets
Visualizing Mining’s Footprint in British Columbia
Mining represents 7% of British Columbia’s GDP despite only accounting for 0.04% of the land use.

Visualizing Mining’s Footprint in British Columbia
British Columbia is considered a global leader in the development of socially and environmentally responsible resources.
An estimated 54% of the province’s total land is protected, making it one of the world’s greenest mining hubs.
This graphic by the B.C. Regional Mining Alliance (BCRMA) details mining’s footprint in the province.
A Tier 1 Jurisdiction for Mining
British Columbia covers almost 95 million hectares (234 million acres), more than any European country except Russia, and more than any U.S. state except Alaska.
As the largest mining province in Canada, BC registered $18 billion in revenue from the industry in 2022.
British Columbia stands as Canada’s sole producer of molybdenum, which finds applications in metallurgy and chemistry. Additionally, B.C. is the country’s leader producer of copper and steelmaking coal, besides gold and silver.
At the heart of British Columbia’s mining industry lies the Golden Triangle, one of the hottest mineral exploration districts in the world.
More than 150 mines have operated in the area since prospectors first arrived at the end of the 19th century. The region alone is endowed with minerals worth more than $800 billion.
How Green is B.C. Mining
Mining represents 7% of the province’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), despite only accounting for 0.04% of the land use. In comparison, farmland demands 3% of the land, bringing $2.1 billion (0.8%) per year.
Land Use in B.C. | Revenue (2022, CAD $) | |
---|---|---|
Mining | 0.04% | $18.0 billion |
Oil & Gas | 0.4% | $9.5 billion |
Infrastructure | 1% | $25.0 billion |
Farmland | 3% | $2.1 billion |
Forest | 62% | $13.3 billion |
Mining operations are also supported by a stable, transparent, and effective policy environment. The province ranked as the world’s least risky for mining in 2017 and 2018.
In addition, mineral exploration has received ample support from local Indigenous communities. Today, mining accounts for over two-thirds of all indigenous people employed in the extractives sector.
According to the International Energy Agency, up to six times more minerals and metals will be needed by 2040 to accelerate the energy transition.
In this scenario, British Columbia is well positioned to support the transition to a low-carbon future and make a significant contribution to climate action.
The BCRMA is a strategic partnership between indigenous groups, industry, and government representatives that aims to promote B.C.’s mining opportunities internationally.
Real Assets
Mapped: The 10 Largest Undeveloped Silver Deposits in the World
Global silver demand is poised to soar in the next decade, driven by emerging technologies like EVs and solar power.

Ranked: The Largest Undeveloped Silver Deposits in the World
Global silver demand is poised to soar in the next decade, driven by emerging technologies like electric vehicles and solar power.
Silver demand from solar alone has grown from less than 50 million ounces (Moz) a decade ago to an expected 160 Moz in 2023.
So, where will the necessary supply come from to meet this surge? This graphic from Discovery Silver shows the largest undeveloped silver deposits in the world.
Silver in Green Technology
Silver is a vital part of solar cells. The metal is converted into paste and coated onto silicon wafers to make solar arrays.
When sunlight hits the silicon, silver helps to transport the generated electricity for immediate use or store it in batteries. A typical solar panel can contain as much as 20 grams of silver.
Silver’s conductivity and corrosion resistance are vital in electronics, especially electric vehicles where nearly all electrical connections rely on the metal. Over 50 million ounces of silver are used every year to enhance conductivity in powered seats, windows, and other vehicle electronics.
In 2022, 27% of all silver consumption in the U.S. was attributed to electrical and electronics, while 10% was linked to solar technology.
Global Silver Demand Rising
With the increasing demand for new technologies combined with physical investment (bars) demand, the silver market saw a 237.7 Moz deficit in 2022, an all-time record.
2023 silver industrial demand is forecasted to rise by 4% to a new record high.
However, according to the Silver Institute, mined output is expected to decline over the next five years.
In this scenario, new mines are expected to play an important role in meeting the demand.
Currently, the world’s top 10 undeveloped silver deposits contain 984 Moz. Discovery Silver’s Cordero project in Mexico leads the ranking:
Rank | Project | Owner | Country | Contained Silver Reserves (Moz) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Cordero | Discovery Silver | Mexico | 266 |
2 | Corani | Bear Creek Mining Corporation | Peru | 229 |
3 | Prognoz | Polymetal International plc | Russia | 125 |
4 | Bowdens | Silver Mines Limited | Australia | 66 |
5 | Santa Ana | Formerly Bear Creek | Peru | 63 |
6 | Fuwan | Minco Silver Corporation | China | 55 |
7 | Nueva Esperanza | Kingsgate Consolidated Limited | Chile | 48 |
8 | Vares | Adriatic Metals PLC | Bosnia & Herzegovina | 47 |
9 | Terronera | Endeavour Silver Corp. | Mexico | 47 |
10 | Menkechka | GeoProMining Ltd. | Russia | 38 |
Cordero is located in Chihuahua State in Mexico, one of the world’s most prolific silver producing regions.
Once in production, it is expected to become one of the top three silver mines in the world.
As silver demand is expected to soar, Discovery Silver offers direct investment exposure to this paradigm shift through its Cordero Project. Click here to learn more about Discovery Silver.
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