Europe depends entirely on China for heavy rare earth elements, critical for technologies such as hybrid cars and fiber optics.
This graphic underscores the scale of the challenge the bloc faces in strengthening its critical mineral supply by 2030.
China was the world’s leading producer of 30 out of 50 entries on the U.S. critical minerals list, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.
Ten materials, including cobalt, lithium, graphite, and rare earths, are deemed critical by all three.
Currently, the U.S. has a backlog of more than 280 mining projects awaiting permits.
The U.S. is heavily reliant on imports for many critical minerals. How import-dependent is the U.S. for each one, and on which country?
From the electrical grid to EVs, copper is a key building block for the modern economy.
Batteries accounted for 74% of lithium consumption in 2021, up from 23% in 2010.
Will the clean energy transition create jobs, or will jobs be lost? Here is projected employment growth in clean energy and related sectors to 2030.
This infographic breaks down $90.4 billion in non-fuel mineral production by state.
